Melt butter in a skillet over medium heat. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds. Add panko and a pinch of salt. Toss continuously until every crumb is deep golden and smells nutty, 3-4 minutes. Remove from heat immediately as it keeps cooking. The panko should be crispy, garlicky, and almost crumble apart when pressed. Remove from the pan.
Sauce
Return the pan to the heat on high, then add miso, chili oil, tahini, soy sauce, rice vinegar, sesame oil, and sugar. Add chicken stock and stir until smooth. It should be bold, nutty, and spicy.
Noodles
Add ramen noodles to the boiling stock and cook until noodles are fully cooked and sauce is reduced. The sauce should cling heavily to every wavy strand.
Plate
Mound noodles high in a deep bowl. Heap the panko generously over the noodles. Finish with scallions and sesame seeds.