Cook pasta (I recommend linguini for this dish) per package instructions until al dente then set aside.
Sear
Heat skillet over medium-high with oil. Season chicken with salt and pepper. Sear until golden on all sides, 3–4 minutes. Remove and set aside.
Build Spice Base
Reduce heat to medium. Add butter, garlic, and ginger. Cook 30 seconds. Add tomato paste, garam masala, cumin, turmeric, cayenne, and sugar. Stir until paste darkens and spices bloom, about 1–2 minutes.
Add Liquid and Pasta
Pour in cream and broth. Stir to combine. Add cooked chicken and linguine, submerge and stir. (Note: Be sure pasta is cooked in salted water. This will carry over to enhance the sauce)
Simmer and Finish
Bring to gentle simmer. Cook uncovered, stirring frequently, until pasta is tender and sauce thickens, 1 to 2 minutes.
Stir until glossy and creamy. Adjust seasoning. Finish with cilantro.